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electrical burn
An electrical burn is a burn that results from electricity passing through the body causing rapid injury. Approximately 1,000 deaths per year due to electrical injures are reported in the United States, with a mortality rate of 3-5%. Electrical burns differ from thermal or chemical burns in that they cause much more subdermal damage.〔“Electrocution Burns.” Burn Survivor Resource Center. n.p. n.d. Web. 29 September 2011. .〕 They can exclusively cause surface damage, but more often tissues deeper underneath the skin have been severely damaged. As a result, electrical burns are difficult to accurately diagnose, and many people underestimate the severity of their burn. In extreme cases, electricity can cause shock to the brain, strain to the heart, and injury to other organs.〔Health Care Advisor: Burn Treatment Self Help Guide. n.p. n.d.. Web. 29 September 2011..〕
For a burn to be classified as electrical, electricity must be the direct cause. For example, burning a finger on a hot electric steam iron would be thermal, not electrical. Electricity passing through resistance creates heat, so there is no current entering the body in this type of burn. Likewise, a fire that is ruled to be "electrical" in origin, does not necessarily mean that any injuries or deaths are due to electrical burns. Unless someone was injured at the exact moment that the fire began, it is unlikely that any ''electrical'' burns would occur.
==Pathophysiology==
Four electrical factors determine the severity of the damage caused by electrical burns: voltage, current, resistance, and frequency. The severity of the burn also depends on the pathway the current takes through the body.〔“Electrical Burns: Causes and Treatment.” Anapol Schwartz: Attorneys at Law. Anapol Schwartz Weiss Cohan Feldman & Smalley. n.d. Web. 29 September 2011. .〕 Generally, the pathway of the current will follow the course the least resistant tissues: firstly blood vessels, nerves, and muscle, then skin, tendon, fat, and bone.〔Docking, P. “Electrical Burn Injuries.” Accident and emergency nursing 7.2 (1999): 70-76. Print.〕 Most commonly, electric injuries primarily damage the outer limbs, but more critical portions of the body may be affected as well causing severe complications.
As the body comes into contact with an electrical source, it becomes part of the electrical circuit. As such, the current has a point of entry and an exit at two different points on the body. The point of entry tends to be depressed and leathery whereas the exit wound is typically more extensive and explosive.〔 It is hard to accurately diagnose an electrical burn because only the entry and exit wounds are visible and the internal damage is not.〔“What is an Electrical Burn?” Electrical Safety. n.p. n.d. Web. 29 September 2011. .〕
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